GWYBODAETH AM Y PROFION
ABOUT THE TESTS
ABOUT THE TESTS
Datblygwyd y profion a gyflwynir yma dros nifer o flynyddoedd, gyda chymorth ac anogaeth hael gan Lywodraeth Cymru, a'r Ysgol Seicoleg a’r Ganolfan ESRC dros Ymchwil i Dwyieithrwydd mewn Theori ac Ymarfer ym Mhrifysgol Bangor. Cynhaliwyd rhan o’r gwaith gan Grŵp Ymchwil Arbrofol y Ganolfan Dwyieithrwydd a’r rhan arall trwy grantiau gan Llywodraeth Cymru. Rydym yn ddiolchgar iawn am eu holl gymorth.
The tests presented here were developed over a number of years, under generous support and encouragement from the Welsh Government and the School of Psychology and the ESRC Centre for Research on Bilingualism in Theory and Practice at Bangor University. Some of the work was carried out in the Developmental-Experimental Research Group of the Centre for Bilingualism, and some was carried out under grants from the Welsh Government. We are grateful for all of their support.
Y nod tu ôl i ddatblygu’r mesurau asesu hyn oedd helpu i ddarparu adnoddau i ymchwilwyr ac ymarferwyr yn y Gymraeg ar gyfer siaradwyr Cymraeg. Datblygwyd y profion hyn yn bennaf trwy ddefnyddio dull “bottom up” yn hytrach na chyfieithu profion oedd eisoes ar gael mewn ieithoedd eraill. Roeddem yn awyddus i ddatblygu mesurau oedd yn addas i’r Gymraeg yn benodol. Roedd hefyd yn nod allweddol i ddatblygu’r profion a’r canfyddiadau gan ystyried y ffaith bod bron pob siaradwr Cymraeg hefyd yn siarad Saesneg (a weithiau ieithoedd eraill hefyd). Mae cael eich magu yn siarad dwy iaith yn drysor, ac mae goblygiadau cysylltiedig o ran sut rydych yn dysgu a phroses iaith. Gall plentyn fod â mynediad rhwyddach i un iaith o’i cymharu â’r llall, neu gall o/hi brofi’r naill iaith neu’r llall mewn cyd-destunau gwahanol. (Gallwch gyfeirio at rai o’r adnoddau rydym yn eu darparu ar dudalen ar wahân i gael mwy o wybodaeth am ein damcaniaethau a chanlyniadau yn hynny o beth).
The goal behind the development of these assessment measures was to help provide tools for researchers and practitioners for the Welsh language and Welsh speakers. These tests were primarily developed from the "bottom up," not as translations from tests available in other languages. We were keen to develop measures that worked for Welsh in particular. It was also a key goal to accommodate the tests and findings to the fact that virtually all speakers of Welsh also speak English (and sometimes other languages as well). Growing up as a bilingual speaker is a real gift, and it has ramifications for how one learns and processes language. A child may have more access to one language than the other, or s/he may experience each language in slightly different contexts. (You may consult with some of the resources we provide on a separate page to get more information on our theories and results in this regard.)
The tests presented here were developed over a number of years, under generous support and encouragement from the Welsh Government and the School of Psychology and the ESRC Centre for Research on Bilingualism in Theory and Practice at Bangor University. Some of the work was carried out in the Developmental-Experimental Research Group of the Centre for Bilingualism, and some was carried out under grants from the Welsh Government. We are grateful for all of their support.
Y nod tu ôl i ddatblygu’r mesurau asesu hyn oedd helpu i ddarparu adnoddau i ymchwilwyr ac ymarferwyr yn y Gymraeg ar gyfer siaradwyr Cymraeg. Datblygwyd y profion hyn yn bennaf trwy ddefnyddio dull “bottom up” yn hytrach na chyfieithu profion oedd eisoes ar gael mewn ieithoedd eraill. Roeddem yn awyddus i ddatblygu mesurau oedd yn addas i’r Gymraeg yn benodol. Roedd hefyd yn nod allweddol i ddatblygu’r profion a’r canfyddiadau gan ystyried y ffaith bod bron pob siaradwr Cymraeg hefyd yn siarad Saesneg (a weithiau ieithoedd eraill hefyd). Mae cael eich magu yn siarad dwy iaith yn drysor, ac mae goblygiadau cysylltiedig o ran sut rydych yn dysgu a phroses iaith. Gall plentyn fod â mynediad rhwyddach i un iaith o’i cymharu â’r llall, neu gall o/hi brofi’r naill iaith neu’r llall mewn cyd-destunau gwahanol. (Gallwch gyfeirio at rai o’r adnoddau rydym yn eu darparu ar dudalen ar wahân i gael mwy o wybodaeth am ein damcaniaethau a chanlyniadau yn hynny o beth).
The goal behind the development of these assessment measures was to help provide tools for researchers and practitioners for the Welsh language and Welsh speakers. These tests were primarily developed from the "bottom up," not as translations from tests available in other languages. We were keen to develop measures that worked for Welsh in particular. It was also a key goal to accommodate the tests and findings to the fact that virtually all speakers of Welsh also speak English (and sometimes other languages as well). Growing up as a bilingual speaker is a real gift, and it has ramifications for how one learns and processes language. A child may have more access to one language than the other, or s/he may experience each language in slightly different contexts. (You may consult with some of the resources we provide on a separate page to get more information on our theories and results in this regard.)
AMDANOM NI
ABOUT US
ABOUT US
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Yr Athro Virginia C. Mueller Gathercole
Mae’r Athro Gathercole wedi cynnal ymchwil a dysgu ym meysydd iaith plant a dwyieithrwydd am dros 30 o flynyddoedd. Mae wedi bod yn Athro Ieithyddiaeth a Seicoieithyddiaeth neu wedi bod yn Athro neu Ymchwilydd Gwadd mewn nifer o sefydliadau, gan gynnwys Prifysgol Bangor yng Nghymru, Prifysgol Rhyngwladol Florida yn Miami, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul yn Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sbaen, Y Sefydliad Max Planck dros Seicoieithyddiaeth, Nijmegen,Yr Iseldiroedd a’r Ganolfan Brifysgol dros Ieithyddiaeth, Prifysgol Leiden yn Yr Iseldiroedd. Mae ei gwaith ar ddwyieithrwydd wedi’u darllen yn helaeth ac yn uchel ei barch, ac fe’i gwahoddir yn aml i fod yn siaradwr gwadd mewn cynhadleddau rhyngwladol a chenedlaethol. Mae ei gwaith wedi’u gyhoeddi mewn cyfnodolion clodfawr, fel: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, International Journal of Bilingualism, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Journal of Child Language, a First Language, lle mae wedi bod yn Olygydd Cyswllt am 18 mlynedd. Roedd yn Llywydd y Gymdeithas Ryngwladol dros Astudio Iaith Plant o 2017 i 2021 ac ar hyn o bryd mae’n gadeirydd ar y Bwrdd Cyfarwyddwyr. Gweithredodd fel golygydd Issues in the Assessment of Bilinguals and Solutions for the Assessment of Bilinguals, a gyhoeddwyd gan Multilingual Matters. https://vcmuellergathercole.weebly.com/ Prof. Gathercole has conducted research and teaching in child language and bilingualism for over 30 years. She has acted as a Professor of Linguistics or Psycholinguistics or as a Visiting Professor or Researcher at numerous institutions, including Bangor University in Wales, Florida International University in Miami, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Leiden University Center for Linguistics, Leiden University, Netherlands. Her work on bilingualism is widely read and respected, and she is frequently invited to act as the keynote or plenary speaker at international and national conferences. Her work is published in prestigious journals such as Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, International Journal of Bilingualism, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Journal of Child Language, and First Language, where she has served as an Associate Editor for 18 years. She was the President of the International Association for the Study of Child Language from 2017 to 2021 and currently serves as the Chair of its Board of Directors. She recently acted as editor of Issues in the Assessment of Bilinguals and Solutions for the Assessment of Bilinguals, published by Multilingual Matters. https://vcmuellergathercole.weebly.com/ |
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Yr Athro Enlli Môn Thomas
Mae Enlli Thomas yn Ddirprwy Is-ganghellor Cynorthwyol dros y Gymraeg ym Mhrifysgol Bangor, ac yn Athro mewn Addysg. Mae wedi bod yn Athro Gwadd ym Mhrifysgol Umeå, Sweden ers 2018, a hi yw enillydd 2019 Medal Hugh Owen Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru am ymchwil addysgol rhagorol yng Nghymru. Mae ei phrif ddiddordebau ymchwil a’i harbenigedd yn cwmpasu dulliau seicoieithyddol o astudio caffaeliad iaith ddwyieithog, gan gynnwys caffaeliad plant o strwythurau cymhleth o dan amodau mewnbwn iaith leiafrifol, asesu sgiliau iaith plant dwyieithog, a dulliau addysgiadol o drosglwyddo, caffael a defnyddio iaith. Mae hi wedi cynnal ymchwil ac wedi cyhoeddi’n eang mewn sawl maes astudio iaith. Mae'r rhain yn cynnwys papurau ar agweddau ar gaffael iaith yn ddwyieithog, gan gynnwys ffactorau sy'n dylanwadu ar gaffael L1-L2 yn llwyddiannus; trosglwyddiad iaith; asesu sgiliau iaith dwyieithog; dwy-llythrennedd; sgiliau Uwch Wybyddol a dwyieithrwydd; statws economaidd-gymdeithasol a galluoedd ieithyddol; a ffactorau sy'n dylanwadu ar ddefnydd iaith. Mae’n rhoi darlithoedd gwahoddedig rheolaidd i ymarferwyr a gweithwyr gofal plant yn y sector addysg ac yn y sector iechyd meddwl ar bynciau’n ymwneud â datblygiad iaith a dwyieithrwydd, ac mae wedi ymddangos yn rheolaidd ar deledu a radio fel arbenigwe. Mae hi hefyd wedi cael gwahoddiad fel Prif Siaradwr mewn nifer o gynadleddau rhyngwladol. Mae ei gwaith hefyd wedi cael effaith genedlaethol sylweddol - yn fwyaf nodedig wrth ddatblygu mentrau iaith Gymraeg statudol sy'n weithredol mewn ysgolion ledled Cymru.
Enlli Thomas is Associate Pro-Vice Chancellor for Welsh at Bangor University, and Professor of Education. She has been a Visiting Professor at Umeå University, Sweden since 2018, and is the 2019 recipient of the prestigious Learned Society of Wales Hugh Owen Medal for outstanding educational research in Wales. Her main research interests and expertise span psycholinguistic approaches to the study of bilingual language acquisition, including children’s acquisition of complex structures under conditions of minimal language input, bilingual language assessment, and educational approaches to language transmission, acquisition and use. She has conducted research and published widely in many areas of language study. These span papers on aspects of bilingual acquisition, including impact factors influencing successful L1-L2 acquisition; bilingual transfer; bilingual assessment; bilingual literacy; Executive Function and bilingualism; socio-economic status and language abilities; and factors influencing language use. She gives regular invited lectures to practitioners and child-care workers both in the education and in the mental health sector on topics relating to language development and bilingualism, and has made regular appearances on tv and radio as an expert informant. She has also been invited as a Keynote at numerous international conferences. Her work has also generated substantial national impact - most notably in the development of statutory Welsh language initiatives that are operational in schools across Wales. |
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Dr. Emma Hughes-Parry
Mae Emma Hughes-Parry yn ddarlithydd mewn Seicoleg ym Mhrifysgol Bangor. Mae ei phrif ddiddordebau ymchwil yn cwmpasu dwyieithrwydd ac anhwylderau iaith. Gweithiodd Emma ar y Prawf Geirfa Cymraeg fel swyddog ymchwil cynhorthwyol, cyn mynd ymlaen i gwblhau ei doethuriaeth ar affasia dwyieithog. Emma Hughes-Parry is a lecturer in Psychology at Bangor University. Her main research interests include bilingualism and language disorders. Emma worked on the Prawf Geirfa Cymraeg as a research project support officer, before going on to complete her PhD thesis on bilingual aphasia. Dr. Emma K. Hughes |
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Emily J. Roberts
Yn wreiddiol o Gaernarfon, enillodd Emily ei Gradd Baglor mewn Gwyddoniaeth o Ysgol Seicoleg Prifysgol Bangor yn 2009. Cynorwythodd gyda datblygu rhai o’r profion hyn fel Swyddog Ymchwil Cynorthwyol i’r prosiect. Bellach mae’n gweithio fel Rheolwr Gweithrediadau i Parc Gwyddoniaeth Menai. Originally from Caernarfon, Emily graduated from Bangor University’s School of Psychology in 2009 with a BSc in Psychology. She assisted in the development of some of these tests as a Research Project Support Officer. She now works as Operations Manager for Menai Science Park. |
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Dr. Kathryn Morgan Sharp
Graddiodd Dr. Kathryn Morgan Sharp gyda Doethuriaeth mewn Caffael Iaith ymysg Plant Dwyieithog ym Mhrifysgol Bangor yn 2013. Gweithodd yn agos â’r Athrawon Gathercole a Thomas yn ystod ei hastudiaethau is-raddedig ac ôl-raddedig, gan gasglu data ar gyfer y Prawf Geirfa Cymraeg fel rhan o draethawd ymchwil ei doethuriaeth. Yn ddiweddarach, mae wedi bod yn datblygu’r cynnwys Cymraeg ar gyfer y wefan hon. Mae hi bellach yn gweithio fel cyfieithydd i’r Weinyddiaeth Gyfiawnder. Dr. Kathryn Morgan Sharp graduated with a PhD in Bilingual Child Acquisition from Bangor University in 2013. She worked closely with Professors Gathercole and Thomas during both her undergraduate and postgraduate studies, collecting data for the Prawf Geirfa Cymraeg as part of her doctoral thesis. More recently, she has been involved with developing the Welsh content for this webpage. She now works as a translator for the Ministry of Justice. |